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You can adjust all of your cookie settings by navigating the tabs on the left hand side. This is planned to be in operation until Over five thousand people from ten villages have had to be resettled as a result.
Since , the inhabitants of the easternmost village of Pesch have left and most have moved to the new villages of Immerath and Borschemich in the areas of Kückhoven and Erkelenz-Nord.
The area is characterised by the gently rolling to almost level countryside of the Jülich-Zülpich Börde , whose fertile loess soils are predominantly used for agriculture.
Settlements and roads cover about 20 per cent of the area of the borough and only 2 per cent is wooded. In the north the börde gives way to the forests and waterways of the Schwalm — Nette -Plateau, part of the Lower Rhine Plain.
Its transition is part of the Baal Riedelland. Here, streams have created a richly varying landscape of hills and valleys.
In the east is the source region of the River Niers near Kuckum and Keyenberg. To the south the land climbs up towards the Jackerath loess ridge.
The climate is influenced by the Atlantic Gulf Stream at the crossover between maritime and continental climates.
The prevailing winds are from the southwest and there is precipitation all year round. Summers are warm and winters mild.
The Erkelenz Börde is the northernmost extent of the Jülich Börde and is formed from a loess plateau that has an average thickness of over eleven metres in this area.
Beneath it are the gravels and sands of the main ice age terrace, laid down by the Rhine and the Meuse. Embedded in the loess in places are lenses of marl that were mined until the 20th century in order to obtain lime by driving shafts and galleries underground.
A small section of the horst is part of the Wassenberg Horst. Thick seams of brown coal from the Tertiary and of black coal from the Carboniferous are located underground.
Its neighbouring administrative units, clockwise from the north, are:. The town of Erkelenz emerged in its present configuration as a result of the Aachen land reform bill of 21 December the Aachen-Gesetz.
According to this law inter alia the former districts of Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen-Heinsberg were to be merged on 1 January Erkelenz lost its status as the county town to Heinsberg and was amalgamated with the municipalities of Borschemich, Gerderath, Golkrath, Granterath, Holzweiler, Immerath, Keyenberg, Kückhoven, Lövenich, Schwanenberg and Venrath, as well as the parishes of Geneiken and Kuckum.
The area of its borough increased from According to the law, the borough of Erkelenz is divided into nine districts with a total of 46 villages and hamlets population as at 31 October : [8].
The coat of arms is parted horizontally. The upper part is blue, and contains the golden lion of the duchy of Guelders Geldern. In the silver white lower part is a red medlar , also called rose of Geldern.
The coat of arms shows the centuries-old connection to the duchy. The colours from the shield became the colours of the city: blue and white.
There have been discoveries of Old and New Stone Age flint-knapping sites across the whole of the present area of the borough.
Near Kückhoven a wooden well was discovered in that belonged to a settlement of the Linear Pottery culture and had been built around 5, B.
This makes it one of the oldest wooden structures in the world. Roman bricks, hypocaust bricks and shards come from the marketplace south of the town hall.
Here in the southwest corner and east of the chancel of the Roman Catholic parish church there are urn graves enclosed by glacial erratics of the early Frankish period from to A.
On the south and southeast edge of the market, round jars were also found in the style of Badorf ceramics from Carolingian times.
The Erkelenz chronicler Mathias Baux wrote in the 16th century that "the bushes in the middle period were cleared and the soil turned into fertile fields, so that out of the harsh wilderness a corn-rich land and overall a breezy paradise was established.
Under the present-day Catholic church lay Frankish and medieval graves without any grave goods as well as broken pieces of Badorf Ceramic and Roman bricks.
The overwhelming theory is that the name Erkelenz belongs to the group of Gallo-Romance - i acum placenames.
According to this view the name of the town, which first appears in the records in a document dating to A. From the original adjectival character of the personal name the neuter noun Herculentiacum developed.
However a continuity of settlement from Roman to Frankish times cannot be proven. On 17 January , St. Mary's Abbey in Aachen Marienstift zu Aachen was given inter alia the settlements of Erkelenz and its neighbour, Oestrich, in the County of Eremfried in the Mühlgau as part of an exchange with the Lotharingian Count Immo.
Emperor Otto the Great confirmed this exchange in the aforementioned deed at an imperial assembly Hoftag in Aachen.
The farms were not managed independently, but were leased. Not until did the abbey lose these rights of ownership, when France introduced secularisation into the Rhineland.
They were advocates appointed by the Holy Roman Empire and exercise jurisdiction, trade protection and military command.
Erkelenz and its surrounding villages belonged to the upper quarter Oberquartier of Guelders with its main centre at Roermond and was an exclave of Guelders within the Duchy of Jülich.
It formed the Amt of Erkelenz, together with the non-isolated villages of Wegberg, Krüchten and Brempt , headed by the Amtmann Drossard.
The town's constitution and administration was consistent with those of the other towns in Guelders. Seven magistrates Schöffen who, like the mayors, had to possess wealth in the town or the county, and ten common councillors put forward two candidates for the office of town mayor Stadtbürgermeister and two for that of county mayor Landbürgermeister for a period of office of one year, but they were elected only by the magistrates, who actually ran the administration of the town, whilst the council only fulfilled representative functions.
Soon after its elevation to town status, work began on the brick fortifications of the place. These probably consisted of basic ramparts as had been common since time immemorial for the defence of settlements, [10] which had been started in the 11th century.
The nearby Johannismarkt alder mart , Engl. The construction of fortifications at Erkelenz was brought forward to meet the strategic requirements of its local lords.
Despite the increasing cost of work on the fortifications, the town was able to afford it. In it immediately started work on a new bell tower, that has survived until today, after the tower of the old Romanesque church had collapsed.
In the town came into the possession of Charles the Bold of Burgundy who, whilst at war against Lorraine in , personally accepted the homage of the townsfolk of Erkelenz.
In the town fell to Maximilian I of Austria and, in , to the son of Arnold of Egmond, Charles of Egmond , who also presented himself personally in the same year at Erkelenz.
At that time the fortress of Erkelenz was so strong that Maximilian I instructed the Dukes of Jülich and Kleve , who were allied with him against Guelders, not to engage in a bombardment of the town, but to take them with the aid of storming bridges Sturmbrücken.
Using that method, an army of foot soldiers and 1, horse under William IV of Jülich took them by surprise in August There were 14 defensive towers in the town wall with its four gate castles Torburgen and, in front of it was a second wall, separated by a moat.
In Guelders fell to William of Jülich, Cleves and Berg [33] During that period the great town fire of occurred on 21 June of that year. Help came from the neighbouring Guelders towns of Roermond and Venlo.
Emperor Charles V who, in , following the capture of Düren and Julich during his march on Roermond with a 30, strong army, stayed personally in Erkelenz.
The town now ended up, together with the Duchy of Guelders, under to the Spanish House of Habsburg and was part of the Spanish Netherlands , [33] then the richest country in Europe.
So, for example, the town was able, as the inscription on a rock near the entrance testifies, to replace the destroyed town hall as early as with a new building that is still standing.
Lasting peace did not, however, return to the land and several times epidemics struck the town. In it was almost completely depopulated by the plague.
After Erkelenz had been unsuccessfully besieged in during the Jülich-Cleves War of Succession , the army of the French king, Louis XIV , allied with the troops of the Archbishop of Cologne , was finally in a position to take the town on the evening of 9 May This attack which took place during the French-Dutch War only succeeded on the fourth assault using the newly invented cannons, when two of the four gates fell.
On that day, the town ceased to be a fortification. The attackers are reported to have lost dead, the defenders just six.
The invaders forced the townsfolk to breach the walls and blew up the Bellinghoven and Oerath gates, both of which blocked free passage to the Netherlands.
In the War of Spanish Succession , Erkelenz was occupied by Prussian troops in who did not leave again until The town thus lost its centuries-old affiliation with the Upper Quarter of Guelders.
From to the territory of Erkelenz Herrlichkeit Erkelenz was pledged to Freiherr von Francken, [33] who also stayed from time to time in the town.
From to it belonged to France, along with the lands left of the Rhine, and was given a permanent contingent of French troops.
Instead of walls the four present-day promenade streets were built, each named after their respective points of the compass.
Around Andreas Polke from Ratibor took up residence in the town and founded a pin factory. The nearby region around Aachen was a leading light in this trade at the time.
In Polke employed 73 workers in his factory, of whom 36 were child workers under 14; for those of school age he ran a factory school.
Pins were made in Erkelenz until about In Erkelenz was connected to the Aachen—Mönchengladbach railway and, in addition to a railway station for passenger services, was also given a goods station with marshalling sidings , a hump and a turntable.
In the 19th century hand weaving with looms was the predominant activity of the surrounding villages.
The Industrial Age in Erkelenz first began with the introduction of mechanical weaving looms for making cloth. In the Rockstoff Factory I.
Oellers, was established on the present Parkweg ; it was a mechanical weaving mill which, at times, employed workers and 20 salesmen.
The town's actual step into the Industrial Age took place in when the industrial pioneer, Anton Raky , moved the head office of the International Drilling Company Internationaler Bohrgesellschaft , known locally as the Bohr , to Erkelenz.
Key factors in choosing this location were the favourable railway links to the Ruhr area and the Aachen Coalfield.
In the years that followed industrial workers and engineers flocked to Erkelenz, creating a shortage of housing, a situation that could only be alleviated by establishing a charitable building association.
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The town's actual step into the Industrial Age took place in when the industrial pioneer, Anton Raky , moved the head office of the International Drilling Company Internationaler Bohrgesellschaft , known locally as the Bohr , to Erkelenz.
Key factors in choosing this location were the favourable railway links to the Ruhr area and the Aachen Coalfield. In the years that followed industrial workers and engineers flocked to Erkelenz, creating a shortage of housing, a situation that could only be alleviated by establishing a charitable building association.
In the drilling firm employed 50 staff and workers. During the wartime year of it had as many as 1, employees.
When, on 10 May , a bronze statue of Emperor William I was erected on the market place, it was illuminated, at Raky's initiative, with electric lighting from arc lamps.
That marked the introduction of electricity into the public arena in Erkelenz. The founding of a korn distillery, a brewery , a malthouse and a dairy acted as new outlets for agriculture.
In Arnold Koepe built an engineering workshop in the former Karl Müller plush weaving mill in order to manufacture coal wagons for the mines.
During the First World War the local economy also ground to a halt as a result of conscription, the priority given to the transportation of troops and war materiel on the railways as well as the large contingents of troops that marched through the town with their resulting demands.
To alleviate the lack of labour, prisoners of war, mainly Russians who had been interned in in a POW camp on the land of the International Drilling Company, were employed, mainly in agriculture.
In order to meet the wartime demand for metal, the townsfolk had to give up relevant implements and the church had to donate some of its bells in return for little compensation.
The lost war cost the lives of Erkelenz townsfolk in Army service and another were injured, some seriously. After this war, which also saw the end of the German Empire 2, soldiers were stationed here between and French troops were quartered here until 19 November and then Belgian troops took over from 1 December In the town had emergency money printed in the shape of paper notes with values of 50 and 75 pfennigs to a total value of 70, marks.
This emergency currency went into partial circulation, but was withdrawn again in When the French and Belgians occupied the Ruhr in January , in order to take coal and steel back to their own countries, there was passive resistance, which later became known as the Battle of the Ruhr Ruhrkampf.
In Erkelenz this passive resistance was carried out especially by railwaymen, in the course of which the Belgian secret police expelled 14 families, including small children, who had been reported by narks.
They were abandoned, in some cases using force, in remote places at night and in fog. Right from the start of the occupation France and Belgium had tried unsuccessfully to annexe the Rhineland.
Now, using the excuse of the resistance that had flared up, they tried to take it by force. In Aachen Separatist troops , which had established themselves by force of arms in various Rhenish towns, called for a Rhenish Republic.
On 21 October such a force also appeared in Erkelenz, hoisted the Rhenish flag over the town hall and the courthouse by force of arms under the protection of the Belgians and demanded that the municipal and state officials now serve the Rhenish Republic.
Officials and townsfolk refused and hauled down the separatist flag the following day. To the great joy of the population, the occupying troops pulled out a year later on 31 January in accordance with the Treaty of Versailles.
The bells of all the churches rang at midnight, their hour of freedom, [55] and that year Erkelenz also celebrated the th anniversary of being granted its town rights.
After Hitler had seized power on 30 January and after the Reichstag and local elections had been held in March , the Nazis in Erkelenz under the leadership of Nazi Kreisleiter , Kurt Horst, began, using the authority of the municipal "parliaments", to rename all the roads and squares after their own leaders.
Ernst de Werth, out of office under threat of taking him into " protective custody ", made Adolf Hitler an honorary citizen and pursued political dissidents, trades unionists and clergymen.
In July a so-called Hereditary Health Court was established at the district courthouse in Erkelenz as in all districts in the German Empire , whose task was to direct the forced sterilisation of mentally and physically handicapped people as part of what later became Hitler's "Euthanasia Programme", known after the war as Action T4.
This programme of Nazi violence saw the systematic murder of those seen by the Nazis as "asocial", "inferior" and "unworthy of living".
In Erkelenz, such people ended up in Nazareth House in Immerath. By April the NSDAP had organised a boycott of Jewish businesses in the town, [60] whilst the November pogroms the so-called Reichskristallnacht finally led to anti-Semitic acts of violence.
The synagogue on the Westpromenade was devastated by mobs commanded by the SS and SA , Jews were arrested and Jewish businesses in the town were plundered and demolished.
Towards the end of the Second World War, as the Allies advanced towards Germany's western border in the middle of September , Erkelenz was gradually cleared out, like many other places in the Aachen region.
Whilst long streams of refugees moved eastwards across the Rhine, as well as groups of fieldwork labourers there were large units of armed SA in the border region who tyrannised and robbed the remaining population.
The first major carpet bombing air raid took place on 8 October over the town. During the second air raid on 6 December 44 people died.
Between the major carpet bomb attacks, non-stop fighter bomber raids went on from dawn to dusk and often into the night, continuing the work of destruction by strafing and bombing.
From December the town also came within the range of allied artillery. During a further bombing raid on 16 January , 31 people were killed, including 16 in one bunker on Anton Raky Allee.
Amongst the SS combat troops, the command was issued from the top to the lowest level to pull out and they did so, as did the local party functionaries, who had been burning their records for days.
The fourth and heaviest air raid on the now abandoned town took place on 23 February About 90 four-engined bombers flew over in two waves.
Everything that had survived the war to that point now lay in ashes: the churches, the community hall, the courthouse, the swimming baths, the hospital, the schools and the kindergarten; only the tower of the Roman Catholic parish church remained standing, albeit badly damaged.
When, three days later, on 26 February , American armoured units of the nd US Infantry Division of the 9th US Army entered the town and the surrounding villages, the warning signs on the minefields indicated the safe lanes because there was no one left who could have removed them.
About Volkssturm troops gave themselves up without a fight. At the end of this war, Erkelenz was largely destroyed and counted killed in air raids, 1, dead and wounded within the county of Erkelenz.
As Allied forces invaded the area, the inhabitants of the surrounding villages had to leave their houses and for many days and weeks, they were driven from one place to another or concentrated in camps without enough supplies, whilst their homes were plundered, wrecked and, in many cases, set on fire.
In addition, former Russian forced labourers, who were concentrated into the nearby village of Hetzerath, armed themselves with war materiel that had been left lying around and threatened town and country by robbing, killing and starting fires.
The logistic troops of the invading forces also stole on a grand scale. By the end of March about 25 people still lived in Erkelenz and, as the town gradually filled up with retreating evacuees, they lacked all the basic necessities.
In early June , British troops replaced the Americans. Several of the leading Nazis, who were found among those retreating, were arrested and placed on trial.
So-called "Persil notes" Persilscheine were much sought after. The majority of the lower-ranking Nazis and their followers were forced into clearing rubble and cleaning up the town.
But the remaining townsfolk, especially farmers who still had a horse or ox and cart, were also called upon to supply manual labour or transport.
Even the youth were encouraged to volunteer for work details in order to help with the rebuilding of the town.
The nature of most of the work was self-help and the newly reorganised town government only focussed on those building regulations that were absolutely necessary.
The first general municipal elections took place on 15 September Apart from the returning population of the town, increasing numbers of refugees from Germany's eastern territories had to be absorbed, so that in the s a new quarter of the town, Flachsfeld , was built.
At the same time, the town also spread out over the fields between the few houses of Buscherhof and the Oerath Mill, forming a new large quarter, the Marienviertel.
Almost all its roads, which lay on both sides of the old Marienweg , a Marian pilgrimage route that ran to Holtum , bore the names of east German towns.
Not until and did the town's population receive the last repatriates from the war and from POW camps at Erkelenz Station. Erkelenz is twinned with: [68].
In Erkelenz there are ten primary schools , two secondary schools Hauptschule , 1 secondary modern school Realschule , two high schools Cornelius-Burgh-Gymnasium , Cusanus-Gymnasium Erkelenz Europaschule , one business college Berufskolleg des Kreises Heinsberg in Erkelenz and one school for persons with learning disabilities.
This section mentions some well-known persons who have been born and raised in Erkelenz, who have worked here or whose name is closely connected with the city:.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Place in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Coat of arms. Location of Erkelenz within Heinsberg district.
Dezember " in German. Retrieved 17 June Stadt Erkelenz. Archived from the original on Retrieved Geschichte der Stadt Erkelenz , Erkelenz, , p.
Böhner et al. Geschichte der Stadt Erkelenz , Erkelenz, , pp. Frenken et al. Towns and municipalities in Heinsberg district.
Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file.
Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Old town hall in Erkelenz. North Rhine-Westphalia. Peter Jansen CDU. Source: Erkelenz Weather Station, to data.
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When, on 10 Maya bronze statue of Emperor William I was erected on the market place, it was illuminated, at Raky's initiative, with electric lighting from arc lamps. At that time the fortress of Erkelenz was so strong New Moon Biss Zur Mittagsstunde Maximilian I instructed the Dukes of Jülich and Klevewho were allied with him against Guelders, not to engage in a bombardment Final Space Stream Deutsch the town, but to take them with the aid of storming bridges Sturmbrücken. In Tatooine drilling firm employed 50 staff and workers. On 17 JanuarySt. Mai Wilde Hühner Und Das Leben Stream that had survived the war to that point now lay Unterbuttern ashes: the churches, the community hall, the Black Erkelenz, the swimming baths, the hospital, the schools and the kindergarten; only the tower of the Roman Catholic parish church Schlechte Bildqualität standing, albeit badly damaged. In Polke employed 73 Black Erkelenz in his factory, of whom 36 were child workers under 14; for those of school age he ran a factory school. That marked the introduction of electricity into the public arena in Erkelenz. Emperor Charles Scherenschleifer who, infollowing the capture of Düren and Julich during his march on Roermond with a 30, strong army, stayed personally in Erkelenz.
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